SECURE SOCKETS LAYER

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a deprecated and obsolete cryptographic protocol that was designed to provide secure communication over a computer network, typically the internet.

SSL was succeeded by the more secure Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. However, the term “SSL” is still commonly used to refer to the more modern TLS protocols, as they are often considered together. The primary purpose of SSL/TLS is to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data exchanged between a user’s web browser and a website’s server. This is particularly important for sensitive information such as login credentials, personal details, and financial transactions.

The “Handshake”

SSL/TLS operates by establishing a secure and encrypted connection between the client (web browser) and the server. This involves a process called the “handshake”, during which the client and server agree on the encryption algorithms and exchange cryptographic keys. Once the handshake is complete, the data exchanged between the client and server is encrypted and protected from eavesdropping or tampering.

Secure Sockets Layer is commonly used for securing various internet protocols, such as HTTPS (HTTP Secure), which is the secure version of the HTTP protocol used for web browsing. When you see “https://” in a website URL, it indicates that the connection is secured using SSL/TLS. It’s important to note that SSL has known vulnerabilities, and its usage is strongly discouraged. Most modern websites use TLS, and it’s recommended to keep systems and software up to date to benefit from the latest security features.

Trusted Certificate Authority (CA)

A Trusted Certificate Authority (CA) is an organization that issues digital certificates, which are used to verify the identity of entities on the internet. These entities can be individuals, websites, servers, or other online services. The digital certificates serve as a kind of electronic passport, providing proof of the entity’s identity to users and systems. Here’s how the process typically works:

Certificate Request: When a website or server wants to secure its communication using SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security), it obtains a digital certificate from a trusted CA. The entity requesting the certificate generates a public-private key pair, and a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) is created.
Verification: The CA verifies the identity of the entity making the request. This verification process may involve checking the entity’s ownership of the domain, confirming its legal status, or other means of ensuring legitimacy.
Certificate Issuance: Once the CA is satisfied with the verification, it digitally signs the entity’s public key with its own private key, creating the digital certificate. This certificate is then provided to the entity.
Trust Chain: To establish trust, the CA’s digital signature on the certificate must be verifiable. This is done through a trust chain. Web browsers and other client applications come pre-installed with a list of root certificates from well-known CAs. These root certificates are used to verify the authenticity of the certificates issued by the CA.
Secure Communication: When a user connects to a website or server secured with an SSL/TLS certificate, the server presents the certificate. The user’s browser checks the certificate’s signature against the root certificate it already knows and trusts. If the verification is successful, a secure and encrypted connection is established.

The idea is that users can trust the information presented by a website or server if it has a valid certificate signed by a trusted CA. This helps prevent man-in-the-middle attacks and ensures the confidentiality and integrity of data exchanged over the internet.

What is Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

The “Handshake”

Trusted Certificate Authority (CA)

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